Reports
A report is similar to an essay in that both need:
- formal style
- introduction, body and conclusion (although they might be named differently)
- critical analytical thinking
- careful proof-reading and neat presentation
Presentation and style:
- allow generous spacing between the elements of your report
- use subheadings to guide the reader
- use bullet points/ numbers/ letters to organise the elements
- use tables and figures (graphs, illustrations, maps etc) for clarification
- number each page
- use consistent and appropriate formatting
- use clear, formal language
Also avoid:
- using careless, inaccurate, or irrelevant information
- muddle – try to clarify your ideas, talk it through first and make a plan
- careless presentation and proof-reading – get someone else to check with you
- too much emphasis on appearance and not enough on content
A Report | An Essay |
Presents information | Presents an argument |
Can be scanned quickly by the reader to find information | Is meant to be read carefully from beginning to end |
Uses numbered headings and sub-headings. It is important to know what sections are required and what information they should contain. | Rarely uses headings |
Usually needs references and bibliography/reference list (check your brief!) | Always needs references and bibliography/reference list |
Uses short, concise paragraphs and bullet points where applicable | Links ideas into cohesive paragraphs, rather than breaking them down into a list of bullet points |
Usually written for the audience established in the topic (eg client, manager) but in reality your lecturer is also the audience | Written for the lecturer |
Uses graphics wherever possible (tables, graphs, illustrations) | Rarely uses graphics |
May be followed by appendices | Seldom has appendices |
